Amlexanox (small-molecule TBK1/IKK-epsilon inhibitor; not a peptide)
Amlexanox is a small-molecule anti-inflammatory drug (not a peptide) that is FDA-approved as Aphthasol 5% oral paste for canker sores and marketed in Japan as Solfa for asthma and allergic rhinitis. The obesity and type 2 diabetes repurposing, based on its inhibition of the kinases TBK1 and IKK-epsilon in the Saltiel lab, reached only a single small phase 2 trial with modest, responder-dependent metabolic effects, which is the experimental use grouped with fat-loss peptides in community protocols.
Metabolic / CombinationFDA-approved as Aphthasol 5% oral paste for recurrent aphthous ulcers (1997), since discontinued in the US; metabolic/obesity use is investigational only
5-(2-nitroethenyl)salicylic acid
One small first-in-human safety study reported exploratory metabolic signals. Human efficacy and long-term safety remain unestablished.
Investigational nitroalkene small moleculeThe reviewed primary publication and trial registry establish clinical-development status, not governmental marketing authorization. No approved medical use was established in this research pass.
Triple Monoamine Reuptake Inhibitor
Not a peptide but a synthetic small-molecule triple monoamine reuptake inhibitor, frequently discussed alongside weight-loss peptides. It showed strong Phase 2 weight loss (TIPO-1) and completed a Phase 3 obesity program in Mexico, but it is not FDA or EMA approved and carries cardiovascular and psychiatric safety concerns.
Weight Loss / MonoamineNot FDA approved; investigational new drug in the United States, with Phase 3 obesity data generated in Mexico rather than the US
NNMT Inhibitor Small Molecule
Not technically a peptide but grouped with them in the community, a small-molecule NNMT inhibitor that increases cellular NAD+ and may reduce fat-cell size in animal models. Rising fast in metabolic biohacking.
Metabolic / NNMT InhibitorNo FDA approval; investigational small molecule with only preclinical (animal and in-vitro) data; not on the FDA 503A compounding bulk list; sold gray-market for research use only.
Myostatin Inhibitor Glycoprotein
A naturally produced protein that inhibits myostatin, the body's brake on muscle growth. Dramatically increases muscle mass in animal models; studied in muscular dystrophy.
Myostatin InhibitorNot approved. No FDA-approved follistatin product for any indication. Gene-therapy use exists only as investigational protocols (open-label Becker MD trial under IND) and as unapproved offshore commercial offerings; gray-market FST-344 is sold as a research chemical not for human consumption.
ERR Agonist Exercise Mimetic
A small-molecule estrogen-related-receptor agonist studied as an "exercise in a pill", increased endurance and fat oxidation in mice. Grouped with metabolic peptides in community discussion. No human data.
Exercise Mimetic / ERR AgonistResearch Stage
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